Cognika Corporation Blog

Trial XL is now GA

2010-04-04T17:24:00.002-04:00

We are thrilled to announce the general availability of Trial XL - web-based tool that helps pharmas/biotechs identify sites, PIs, design trial protocol etc. We went through a very extensive and thorough beta trial process of almost 1 year and are very proud of it. The application queries more than 1 TB of data and performs very sophisticated analytics.

Learn more about it here.

Pricing Models

2009-12-02T18:56:00.004-05:00

Pricing is arguably the single most crucial task a startup has to undertake. These two resources are fabulous reads (especially from a software startup perspective):

1. http://www.sachinagarwal.com/setting-pricing-for-a-startup-the-rule-of-80

2. http://www.neildavidson.com/dontjustrollthedice.html

Please post any other links you might have in the comments.

Cognika gets covered in India-New England and the Indus Business Journal

2009-11-29T13:21:00.003-05:00

Cognika receives more press coverage, this time in India-New-England and Indus Business Journal. You can read the article titled: "Cognika's cognitive computing impresses".

Data Visualization

2009-11-29T12:29:00.004-05:00

Many organizations, especially software organizations, pay little heed to visualization and simplifying the complexity - which should be the very raison d'etre of any technology. Furthermore, the issues of complexity and complicatedness are also discombobulated, leading to the challenges of presentation to the end-user.

As the classic definition goes: Complexity is a function of the number of components and their interactions in a system, while Complicatedness is a function of the nature of those interactions . Thus a complex system is not necessarily a complicated system, and vice-versa.

We believe that visualization and presentation play a huge part in reducing both complexity and complicatedness, especially when it comes to interactions with data. While that may seem to be a no-brainer, finding the right visualization mechanism for a situation is particularly difficult.

Here is a fabulous "thought-starter" to thinking through what approach might be most appropriate for a given situation.

Source: http://i.imgur.com/YjWta.jpg

Data Tsunami

2009-10-18T03:49:00.003-04:00

The legendary investor Warren Buffett is reported to have said "...it takes all of 20 years to build a reputation and a few minutes to destroy it". The recent turmoil in the markets and the sudden and astonishing collapse of Wall street "titans" such as Bear Sterns, Lehman Brothers etc. has only underscored this aphorism. As the most clichéd of clichés go "hindsight is always 20/20", however there is an extremely serious lesson to be learned from the experience of the last crisis; that the current financial meltdown did not occur due to a lack of information. In fact, it has been argued that investors, regulators were so overwhelmed with data to make any sense. Many question why enforcement was so sorely lacking; while it is very easy to second-guess and blame the so-called regulators - under-staffed and under-resourced that they are - we believe the crux of the problem was that "sense-making" from this tsunami of data was woefully inadequate.

At Cognika we are working hard to make information usable and to make sense of the data deluge . We shall shortly be announcing a suite of products, that we hope, addresses many of aforesaid issues. We are looking for beta users to test-drive our products, please contact us if this is of interest to you. It not only makes sound business sense but is also a moral and ethical responsibility.

To participate please email us beta@cognika.com

Swimming in a sea of data

2009-10-13T02:16:00.005-04:00

A recent NY Times article highlights the issue of data overload. It points out some of the approaches gathering momentum to keep up with the pace of data given the enormous computational requirements. Modern algorithms are not just enormously complex to design they are ravenously processor hungry and require some clever juggling to compute within a reasonable cost. However approaches such as Hadoop (as pointed out in the article), HBase, Hypertable etc. offer a quantum leap in capabilities.

At Cognika we have been leveraging Hadoop extensively for many of our machine-learning activities. Lately we have developed some image-processing and feature detection algorithms which normally would require significant investments in hardware. However, w have managed to achieve comparable performance using commodity hardware and squeeze out some impressive results. Please post your experiences and/or lessons learned and we are happy to share ours.

Entrepreneurial Insights

2009-07-04T21:20:00.005-04:00

Stalin is reported to have said: "It takes a very brave man to be a coward in the Soviet army". While there is no knowing the veracity of the quote, its bluntness certainly applies to the world of entrepreneurship. A startup is no space for people with thin skins, giant egos, or for that matter those who aren't willing to bet it all. It is an all-or-nothing, high-stakes game which demands the kind of commitment and determination - the equivalent of the Navy Seals' selection process which is a gut-check of the first order.

In our experience, the best way to weed out the - pardon the gender inequity - men from the boys is to observe their statements. In our experience, most, if not all, who claim to know "all about entrepreneurship", "stood in those shoes multiple times" are very likely pompous BSers.

Having dealt with more than a few such poseurs, we think any readers of this blog should take such "big-talkers" with a giant pinch of salt and some. Any serious entrepreneur would never claim to know "all about" startups, because s/he knows that every enterprise is different from the last, and each time they are starting afresh!

Seeking beta users for Trial Accelerator

2009-06-12T19:06:00.006-04:00

Cognika is actively seeking beta-testers to test-drive Trial Accelerator.

Trial Accelerator is a state-of-the-art analytics and modeling Tool for accelerating and optimizing Clinical trial design and operations. We are looking for users from a wide spectrum of customers: from big pharma to small biotechs, from academia to researchers etc.

The object is to incorporate multiple perspectives and serve the HCLS community to improve processes across the board. Your time and interest is very much appreciated by the Cognika team.

To sign-up please contact us here

Trial Accelerator Beta Launch!

2009-06-12T18:56:00.006-04:00

At Cognika, we are very proud to launch the first of our product "Trial Accelerator" tailored to the Healthcare & Lifesciences industry. Trial Accelerator is designed to better design and manage clinical trials. A Clinical trial is an incredibly complex process and even the slightest error could lead to a drug being rejected (for reasons nothing to do with therapeutic efficacy!).

This is not just a monetary loss for pharma/biotechs - a typical drug takes 10 years to develop, and costs about a billion dollars - but is a much bigger loss for the millions of people suffering from various conditions who could potentially have benefited from a better designed and managed clinical trial process.

We are very proud of our effort and hope this makes a difference in the troubled and often murky world of health-care. Trial Accelerator is the first in a suite of products we are developing for the pharma/biotech industry. Stay tuned!

VC funding or not?

2009-05-21T19:33:00.003-04:00

In a previous post we discussed a lean startup philosophy vis-à-vis a typical VC-funded startup. Here lies the classic conundrum of an investor who is (supposedly) omniscient and omnipotent, and hence would direct the company in his/her supreme wisdom. There lies the challenge of many “funded” startups, since they are essentially at the mercy of a supposedly “know-it-all” VC whose goals are often at cross-purposes with that of a startup as we discuss below.

Recently, a trusted adviser (and an entrepreneur with a decent exit) mentioned that VCs often have very divergent interests from those of the average entrepreneur. A typical entrepreneur is happy with a 5x or even a 2x exit from a startup. An institutional investor– who is typically invested in several companies simultaneously - is looking for one or two big hits with little heed for the rest. To use a baseball metaphor, an entrepreneur is OK with a double or single, but a VC is looking for a walk-off home-run, and they want everyone in their portfolio to swing for the fences. To them, any startup in their portfolio is expendable in the hope of getting a large payback overall. They want to bet big and win bigger, if some fail “oh well! Too bad”. However to an entrepreneur, their one-and-only bet is their startup on which s/he has invested their blood, sweat and tears.

We think any entrepreneur should consider this proposition very carefully before considering any institutional investment.

Here is yet another fabulous slidedeck from Eric Ries that expounds further about “lean startups”

Eric Ries Lean Startup Presentation For Web 2.0 Expo April 1 2009 A Disciplined Approach To Imagining, Designing, And Building New Products

View more presentations from Eric Ries.

"Lean" Startups

2009-05-21T18:36:00.003-04:00

A friend and fellow entrepreneur recently sent along a fascinating talk about the “lean” model of entrepreneurship. The author describes applying the lean model – which was popularized in the manufacturing sector by eliminating “muda” (waste) – to startups.

The Lean Startup

View more presentations from Venture hacks .

The company showcased in the presentation IMVU.com proposes an idea we very much subscribe to: that startups must learn by experimentation. We believe “trial & Error” is the ultimate judge of any business-plan. To that we might add they are “useful”, inasmuch one actually learns from the experience.

As the author points out, with lean startups “the problem is unknown and the solution is unknown”, thence the need for a constantly adaptive approach. We posit that virtually all startups are in this situation, even the ones who have a so called well-defined problem-space and solution. We argue there is no such thing as a "well-defined" problem, much less a "well-defined" solution. Most entrepreneurs have a vague, fuzzy idea of what they want to tackle and look at it through foggy glasses. It is only through iteration that the problem gets into focus. As the classic adage goes “all plans are wrong, but all are useful”. The businesses that succeed are the ones who adapt and iterate constantly.

Eric points out startups must “learn to learn”, and do so constantly.

Fascinating talk on emergence

2009-04-09T12:42:00.002-04:00

Here is a talk by Prof. Bonnie Bassler on the phenomenon of emergence in bacteria and how they "communicate". This demonstrates how simple interactions combine to create complex behavior.

Cognika is featured in Xconomy Mobile Innovation Showcase

2009-04-05T21:26:00.002-04:00

Cognika XI gets featured on the Xconomy mobile innovation showcase. The mobile innovation forum promises to be a fabulous experience with both established companies such as Skyhook Wireless and uLocate to various local startups.

Cognika's profile is available here.

The beginning of Web 3.0 : Wolfram Alpha

2009-04-05T19:10:00.004-04:00

In a previous post, we discussed the current paradigm of “search-and-click” as the principal paradigm of information retrieval over the web. Search, while (and very laudably) making information available, is far from making it usable. As Einstein is reported to have said, “Information is not knowledge”. The next goal of the web should be to make this information-glut usable as “knowledge”.

In this post, we discuss Cognika’s ideas on what the next-generation of web can and should be. We believe that next generation systems should address the four “C” s of information retrieval:

1. Contextual
2. Customizable
3. Composite
4. Complete

Unfortunately, current search technologies are far from meeting such requirements. However, a fascinating effort called Wolfram Alpha (of Mathematica and Mathworld fame) seems to be along the lines of we at Cognika have been working on.

Nova Spivak of Twine describes it thus:

“In a nutshell, Wolfram and his team have built what he calls a "computational knowledge engine" for the Web. OK, so what does that really mean? Basically it means that you can ask it factual questions and it computes answers for you.
It doesn't simply return documents that (might) contain the answers, like Google does, and it isn't just a giant database of knowledge, like the Wikipedia. It doesn't simply parse natural language and then use that to retrieve documents, like Powerset, for example.

Instead, Wolfram Alpha actually computes the answers to a wide range of questions -- like questions that have factual answers such as "What is the location of Timbuktu?" or "How many protons are in a hydrogen atom?," "What was the average rainfall in Boston last year?," "What is the 307th digit of Pi?," or "what would 80/20 vision look like?”

We believe while computing the answers to scientific questions as Wolfram Alpha apparently does is amazing and potentially world-changing. However there are far simpler approaches that make information usable for the average user. At Cognika we are developing technologies towards that end, and you can view the Cognika XI demonstrator preview we have created to illustrate what we mean. There are very many lower hanging fruit, which could lead up to tools like Alpha. As described earlier, we are big believers in the concept of emergent semantics, and are positive that such "knowledge" could arise out of much simpler approaches and interactions. Alpha apparently does this by hiring a horde of scientists and researchers to codify the scientific knowledge, but to do this on a web-scale is a different matter altogether. Here the idea of emergent semantics is likely to help develop knowledge on a web-scale.

Having said that, we are very eagerly looking forward to Alpha's due to be release later this year. This promises to be a game-changing tool and move the web to a completely new paradigm of information retrieval. Exciting times lie ahead!

Cognika XI

2009-04-05T18:28:00.001-04:00

Sorry for being quiet on this blog for so long, we had been busy at work developing our Cognika XI platform.

We have pioneered the paradigm of Zoomable User Interfaces or ZUIs. ZUIs make information-glut usable as “knowledge” in a simple, intuitive fashion. One of the simplest and most intuitive User Interface paradigms in existence is that of a map by zooming in/out for details/abstract. Cognika XI™ offers the user a mechanism to iteratively access and develops a personalized compendium of the information desired. This customizable compendium – which we term a “View” – spans multiple domains, documents and media and self-assembles information contextually, with which the user can iterate.

We illustrate this using an example of searching for a movie, as with most search engines the results are rendered with an initial summary, however the user can then click on a result of interest to zoom-in further to view show-times (based on location) and reviews (from selected sources). On zooming-in further, traffic or public transit information relevant to the closest theater is displayed. The user might then choose to include other facets such as tickets, nearby dining etc. Cognika XI™ also allows for inline expansion of concepts of interest, for example the user might choose to zoom-in further to learn about movies in similar genre by the director, or expand on the plot summary to learn about the context and story. Thus we believe, offers a novel, intuitive mechanism for Human Computer Interaction, especially in information-rich environments.

We shall be launching XI into beta shortly and will also be showcasing this at a few major conferences. Stay tuned for announcements. Here is a sneak preview of the technology:

What You Show Is What They Get!

2009-02-17T18:02:00.008-05:00

Technology entrepreneurs, especially those who come from research backgrounds, often tend to make the mistake of assuming too much about potential customers’ interest in technology. Many tend to focus on the capabilities (innards) of the technology and neglect the user-story as mere detail. That assumption could not be more incorrect.

Having been through quite a few sales sessions, we believe that this is likely since technologists are accustomed to interacting in environments with people with similar skills, interests and backgrounds. Selling to customers with microsecond attention spans is worlds apart. The truth of this does not hit like a bucket of cold-water unless one sees much of the audience drifting off to sleep during a sales-pitch.

As the apocryphal saying goes, “perception is reality” and that could not be truer for a startup. Rare is the customer who is interested in the “how” something works, as opposed to “what is in it for me”. A “demo” that does absolutely nothing under the covers, but tells a very good story is a far superior sale than a superb technology that no one understands (read cares about).

While, much of this post might seem rehashed wisdom from other sources, turns out commonsense is very uncommon. An associate recently asked the question “will your mother understand what you do? And if she does…”

We disagree; family, friends etc. are victims of the infamous Hawthorne effect, and anything but proxies for a “customer”. Selling to your “mother” is about as far removed from selling in the real—world, as it is to a fellow researcher.

We have therefore coined a truism for entrepreneurs to keep in mind: What You Show Is What They Get! (WYSIWTG), or its cynical variant "What They See Is What They Get" (WTSIWTG).

Entrepreneurial Wisdom

2009-02-05T15:29:00.007-05:00

Here are some pearls of wisdom on entrepreneurship drawn from various sources on the O'Reilly Radar. Anyone who is a current or aspiring entrepreneur should pay particular attention to them. While these may seem very obvious, the import of those statements does not become completely apparent unless one has been through the grind.

Our favorites:

"No means maybe, Yes means maybe":

Some of our most enthusiastic supporters (customers, advisors etc.) today, gave us the cold-shoulder early on. We kept pushing to see what could be done better. An entrepreneur's job is never to take no for an answer. Conversely, a "yes" only means anything until the next customer check, and one should never, ever take anything for granted.

"The best way to get investment is not to need it":

Many startups make the mistake of chasing investors early on hoping to dazzle VCs and angels with the sheer brilliance of their idea and team. Bad news - the odds of that happening are miniscule. As most entrepreneurs would know, focusing on closing sales and getting revenue is the best VC pitch a startup can make. The slide-decks, financials, business-models, team strengths etc. become side-shows, once a startup demonstrates a clear market-need and revenue.

The joke goes:

Q: what is the difference between God and a VC?
A: God doesn't think he is a VC!

As a joke that is funny, but is not intended to be a put-down on VCs. Please remember most VCs are pitched by a huge number of companies, and have to sift through a lot of "noise" to find the best bets. Some entrepreneurs get bitter and disillusioned at being spurned by VCs abruptly.

We think startups best serve themselves by spending all their energy on closing sales and keeping customers happy, and let the investors come to them. Not needing investment is the best pitch an entrepreneur can ever make! That is a pearl of wisdom every entrepreneur should hang onto.

Cognika's new office space!

2009-02-02T19:06:00.004-05:00

In order to accommodate our growing workforce and business needs, Cognika has moved offices into newer and larger space at the heart of Boston's famous financial district. We are located in the Ireland Chambers ICCUSA 's Boston Innovation Center incubator space. This space is at the center of Boston's business and commerce and offers an excellent springboard for our fast-growing organization.

If you are in the neighborhood, and are interested in learning more about Cognika, please drop by to say hello. You can see where we are located here, here and here.

"Intelligent" Design

2009-02-01T10:22:00.005-05:00

Here is a fascinating list of intelligent and smart design approach (no pun intended): of design following or borrowing from nature. Such cross-domain fertilization is a truly powerful way of cracking some of the hardest challenges of the modern world.

In a previous post we discussed the potential of biomimetics or mimetics in general. What is needed is the ability to connect scientific challenges with potential solutions from learning in nature and a variety of other domains.

Despite valiant efforts by some academicians and some in industry, such a project needs a lot more resources to reach critical-mass. One wishes there was a full-fledged collaborative effort from government, academia and big pharma and other businesses to push for a shared knowledge corpus (a la Wikipedia), but published in a machine-understandable or machine-query-able format that could be leveraged for such cross-domain breakthroughs.

The Semantic Web concept is a a great step in that direction, but we hope baby-steps could be taken by people and organizations just publishing more metadata and better descriptors of their data, on which approaches like the above can be built upon. It certainly need not be a single repository like the Wikipedia, but a just a collection of sources much like the current WWW.

Recruiting at Startups (follow-up)

2009-01-24T03:22:00.017-05:00

In a previous post we discussed the challenges of hiring at Startups. Recently we interviewed a candidate who is an exemplar for all that is not to be expected from a candidate applying for a job with a startup. This experience has led us to re-evaluate some of the criteria we applied earlier and add news ones. We share our insights here in the hope that it helps some fellow entrepreneurs in similar situations.

We received the resume of a candidate, who on paper, appeared to have some decent qualifications. But in the very first interview serious doubts were raised about this candidate's abilities, despite several attempts to smile and hand-wave through. So we asked this person to take a simple computing challenges test, loosely modeled along the challenges we had encountered.

Our doubts were more than confirmed - this candidate's responses were along the lines of "company so-and-so has done it ...", "so-and-so is researching it"; and we kid you not, even a response to the tune of "this is a well known problem and no need to explain".... yadda....yadda....Imagine taking an test and responding "... this is already solved, hence no need to answer it here". What grade would you have received in such a test? :-)

Not one of the responses were anything even close to being acceptable. When the obvious was pointed out in no uncertain terms, the applicant threw a hissy-fit: the details are unimportant but needless to say the applicant knew "game over!" .

This example brought up a number of questions in how we evaluate candidates, so we added the following points to evaluate applicants:

1. Originality Very Welcome: Most startups are looking for some innovative and original thinking and not copy-paste warriors. To be clear, we are not looking for theories of relativity to be developed, however we are looking for the beginnings of some out-of-the-box thinking. The proposed approach might not be workable at all, but it must demonstrate creativity and innovation. Startups need that kind of thinking to develop a competitive advantage wherever and whenever they can.

2. Prima Donnas Unwelcome: A startup is a very, very rough and tumble game. if one cannot handle being tackled and tackled hard, they are best advised staying away from the field. A fellow entrepreneur pointed out being in a startup is like being a quarterback without a defensive formation, and that is not far from the truth. Any employee with a chip on their shoulder is likely unsuited to work in entrepreneurial organizations.

Working for a startup requires more often than not, the ability to take some hard hits and remain standing. If that doesn't sit well with some.....oh well! Sorry!

Is consciousness an emergent phenomenon?

2009-01-21T19:57:00.005-05:00

This is a fascinating Scientific American article on emergence as the root of consciousness. It asks the interesting question if a bee hive is conscious because of the emergent behavior of individual bees. Similar questions could be asked if shoals of fish, or flocks of birds display some measure of consciousness in a manner similar to how a collection of human cells perform microscopic tasks and yet collectively display sentience.

Is Search the Future? (Part-1)

2009-01-20T08:12:00.007-05:00

This is the first in a multi-part series on Cognika’s vision of information access in the next generation of the web. In subsequent posts we will provide specifics on how this would work in practice.

A hotly debated topic is the so-called “future of search” or "the next Google". Opinions have ranged from Google’s Marissa Mayer's “search is 90% solved” to Bill Gates’ opinion that search has barely scratched the surface. However, search is increasingly more of a problem than a solution.

Undoubtedly, companies like Google, Yahoo etc. efforts in search have made information accessible to anyone with an internet connection - which is a very laudable achievement - but it has made the challenge of information overload worse than anyone could have imagined. Search, has made information available, but it has not yet begun to make it usable, and there is a night/day difference between information availability and usability. To make information usable, it needs to be coalesced from multiple-sources in a context-specific manner and presented intelligently to achieve a task. (look for specifics in later posts)

Search today is - pardon the expression - a** backwards. Imagine a child asking a parent questions that typically puzzle the infant mind, about “why it rains”, “why birds fly” or “why are leaves green” etc. and now picture the parent handing out a collection of encyclopedias, books, papers, articles etc. in response, and saying “go figure it out”. In many ways, the current paradigm is just as inane. It is left up to the user to make sense of the information from across multiple-sources (and most information does indeed span multiple sources).

A school of thought believes that the holy grail of search is a crisp, succinct response to queries. While this approach might work for questions such as “What is the capital of Peru?” or “Who is the current president of Ukraine?”, this approach would fail for the vast majority of queries – the ones for which there is no ready-made response. Since this involves aggregating information from multiple-sources, reasoning therewith, providing a response that is relevant and contextual, and yet provide a user-definable level of detail.

For example, could such a system answer a subjective question such as “What are the greatest movies of all time?” A response would typically involve user iterations: as ranked by AFI or IMDB or MPAA? Hollywood or International? Specific genre? And so on…

Some might argue the faceted browsing approach would work since a result set could be filtered by selecting/deselecting facets for the above etc. However, that is not quite the end of it. While the content might include Movie Title, Synopsis, Cast and some associated information. This does not allow inclusion of user-definable data points: such as reviews from select critics, availability in local stores, movies with similar plot lines, other movies by the same director, or other movies in the same genre etc.

This information would usually span multiple data-sources, documents, domains and would require repeated searches and manual collation. Now extrapolate this to highly complex domains (such as scientific research, business analysis etc.) and the challenge is multiplied manifold.

At Cognika we believe that a new paradigm needs to be developed for information processing and that search as-is today is a stepping-stone towards this vision. This quote best summarizes Cognika’s vision for the future: “Now this is not the end. It is not even the beginning of the end. But it is, perhaps, the end of the beginning.” – Winston Churchill.

"Biomimetics"? - why not just mimetics?

2009-01-16T06:04:00.000-05:00

The field of Biomimetics or Biomimicry applies generated by nature through evolution, to solve scientific challenges. While inventions such as Velcro, Swarm algorithms etc. are some famous examples of technology inspired by nature, why not extend the idea to be inspired from multiple domains.

An example is the idea of TRIZ developed by a scientist in the former Soviet Union Genrich Altschuller. Altschuller postulated that solutions that exist in one domain (example: automobiles) could help solve a challenge in a very different domain (example: medicine). He found such cross-domain solutions using the patent corpus as a source. So biomimetics seems to be a specialized case of TRIZ that uses biological organisms an information source.

AskNature is a website that seems to be a great start at collecting such data and making biomimetics usable. It would be a good next step to release the data into public domain or expose as an API, so it can be integrated into other applications.

Overall we feel that the concept of mimetics should be extended across corpora - biological, patents, journals etc. Only then will the true power of this approach be realized.

Coding errors get 'dangerous'

2009-01-16T01:50:00.000-05:00

A fascinating list of top 25 coding errors and the potential dangers posed have been unveiled by the SANS institute with a host of organizations such as the NSA, DNI etc.. While the list order seems quite arbitrary , it is quite enlightening as to how trivial mistakes by programmers could cascade into a potentially dangerous situation. Something every programmer worth his/her salt should be aware of.

The BBC also provides some coverage here.

Emergence in Computer security

2009-01-15T05:21:00.000-05:00

A staggering number of PCs have been compromised with malware and are used for everything from spreading spam, viruses, phishing etc. – in fact every kind of malicious activity imaginable. While many users are at least nominally aware of the dangers and have some protection installed, such tools offer superficial protection at best, especially against the more serious infestations. This is often counterproductive since it lulls users into a false sense of security.
Caveat: we are not suggesting uninstalling your current protection tools.

At the core of this, lies the fact that most security software is very reactive i.e. as soon as a new threat is detected, antivirus develop an update against it. By the time the update actually is installed on a user computer – assuming the protection actually works – is often too late. The current deluge of malware calls for a paradigm shift in moving to a proactive, predictive approach.

At Cognika, we are exploring the possibility of applying the concept of emergence to computer security. Artificial Immune Systems (AIS) have been researched for a few decades however such approaches remain researchy. The concept of AIS borrows from the idea of biological immune systems, which constantly evolve to cope with newer and emerging threats.

Biological immune systems are remarkably effective against the countless pathogens that organisms are exposed to during a lifetime. Millennia of evolution have made biological immune systems remarkably effective. Our idea is to adopt some of those ideas to develop an internet immune system akin to bio immune systems. Such research would be at the intersection of evolutionary computing, machine learning, computer security and other fields.

Here are some thoughts along these lines:

An evolutionary, adaptive system could be developed to cope with the current onslaught of malware: an immune system that is constantly mutating (much like its adversaries) and adapting to newer threats.
Cohorts of machines form trust networks (Immunets) to warn each other of imminent threats and share mechanisms to thwart their attack. The Immunets could be layered around existing social networks or organizational networks.
The Immunets employ a combination of evolutionary algorithms and machine learning to develop effective defenses, which do not require manual updates and examination.
Such systems could be augmented by current security-ware, much as biological immune systems are augmented by medications and treatments.

We have developed some prototypes and have some exciting early findings. We would love to hear more from academics, researchers, businesses interested in collaboration.

Cognika is hiring!

2009-01-05T06:42:00.000-05:00

We are on the lookout for superstar engineers who thrive in a dynamic entrepreneurial environment.
More here

Recruiting at Startups

2009-01-04T16:01:00.000-05:00

Hiring good talent is a challenge at the best of times and at the most glamorous of companies, but it is orders of magnitude harder for a startup. At a small company you are typically looking for a very specific skill-set . However, it is very hard (even impossible) to find exactly what you are looking for, so a company has to compromise. Therefore, we have followed an approach where we look for the right aptitude - where a person has the background to build-on and the right attitude.

As they say, Aptitude = (Right) Attitude + P(erseverance) - T(antrums)

There is a great post by Joel Spolsky. The bottom-line is when you are applying for a position in a startup or small company , it is doubtful anyone is interested in your skills in managing 100s of people, or CRM/SAP skills etc. You should focus on your multiplexing skills: your ability to churn out code, while communicating with customers, and yet playing a good sales/marketing person, while offering technical support. Most startups and small-businesses need exactly that kind of "all-rounders".

p.s. Anyone applying to positions at Cognika ought to pay significant attention to these factors.

"Semantic Web" vs "Emergent Semantics"

2009-01-04T15:39:00.000-05:00

One of the most common questions we often get asked is: "how is this different from the Semantic Web effort". The Semantic Web approach of Ontologies, Logic, RDF/OWL etc are not competing with the concept we at Cognika try to advocate. We think that semantics are emergent and not necessarily always well-defined through "standards" or other approaches. Instead emergent semantics are complementary to the top-down Ontological model. A good metaphor would be to view this as burning the candle from both ends.

However, we think while Ontologies and higher-level logical constructs have their place, the vast majority of semantics will be emergent through a combination of machine-learning and user interactions. An exemplar is how the web itself evolved through users linking to pages they thought was relevant etc. - so we think our approach is in the original spirit of the WWW.

Any comments?

Cognika gets some press

2009-01-04T15:36:00.000-05:00

Cognika gets covered in Mass Hightech. We are proud of the fact that we are among the few companies to survive this brutal economy. As Paul Graham points out in his very insightful article, this is the best time for a startup: "why to startup in a bad economy".

Welcome!

2008-09-20T23:07:00.000-04:00

Welcome to this blog!

We intended to develop this blog to the advance the idea of "emergent semantics".

Emergent semantics is a mechanism through which meaning arises out of interactions between software agents, humans and metadata. The so-called “folksonomies” Flickr, Del.icio.us are simple examples of such emergent phenomena. The idea is to extend this to the entire web and allow data & metadata to interact in ways currently not possible. For example, we can envisage ways in which IR algorithms can generate relations and allow for serendipitous insights.

While this blog will broadly revolve around the above theme, we reserve the right to post anything we please :)

welcome again!